PPE is designed to protect the skin and the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose and mouth of DHCP from exposure to blood or OPIM. Use of rotary dental and surgical instruments (eg, handpieces or ultrasonic scalers) and air-water syringes creates a visible spray that contains primarily large particle droplets of water, saliva, blood, microorganisms and other debris. This spatter travels only a short distance and settles out quickly, landing on the floor, nearby operatory surfaces, DHCP or the patients. The spray also might contain certain aerosols (ie, particles of respirable size, < 10 um). Aerosols can remain airborne for extended periods and can be inhaled. Appropriate work practices, including use of dental dams and high-velocity air evacuation, shouldminimize dissemination of droplets, spatter and aerosols.

Primary PPE used in oral healthcare settings includes gloves, surgical masks, protective eyewear, face shields and protective clothing (eg, gowns and jackets). Wearing gloves, surgical masks, exposures to blood-borne pathogens is mandated by OSHA.