Contact dermatitis and latex hypersensitivity are conditions associated with the use of latex gloves. Contact dermatitis often manifests hours after exposure and is usually confined to the areas of contact.
Latex hyper sensitivity on the other hand (type 1 hypersensitivity to latex) can results in more serious systemic allergic reactions. This usually begins within minutes of exposure. This may manifest as runny nose, sneezing, itchy eyes, scratchy throat, hives or itchy burning sensations. More severe reactions may include difficulty in breathing, coughing spells and wheezing. Cardiovascular and gastrointestinal ailments may also manifest and in extremely rare instances, anaphylaxis and death.
Natural rubber latex proteins responsible for latex allergy are attached to glove powder. When powdered latex gloves are worn, more latex protein reaches the skin. Also, when removing these powdered gloves, the powder can be released into the air and be inhaled or come in contact with mucous membranes. The DHCP can become sensitized with repeated exposure to latex protein. The DHCP should be provided with reduced protein, powder-free gloves. Non-latex gloves are also available. It should be mentioned that while life-threatening reactions are rare, the DHCP must be prepared to cope with these emergencies.
Recommendations
1. Educate DHCP regarding the signs, symptoms and diagnoses of skin reactions associated with frequent hand hygiene and glove use.
2. Screen all patients for latex allergy (eg, take health history and refer for medical consultaion when latex allergy is suspected). DHCP must beinformed of patients with latex allergy.
3. Ensure a latex-safe environment for patients and DHCP with latex allergy by cleaning all work areas contaminated with latex dust.
4. Have emergency treatment kits with latex-free products available at all times.